What's Wrong With the WikipediaJews in the Middle Ages Entry Essay

What's Wrong With the WikipediaJews in the Middle Ages Entry - Essay Example A number of article entries have made fantastic claims about certain events, people, or facts without providing any authentic or credible sources to back them. Wikipedia is an open and free encyclopedia which is not considered to be a valid and trustworthy source by universities. Students are not allowed to cite information taken from Wikipedia while other schools have banned its usage. This research paper assesses the encyclopedic entry â€Å"Jews in the Middle Ages† by pointing out the untrustworthiness and unreliability of its content. It considers how the article is limited with reference to the history of the Jews by excluding several communities. It also studies how certain elements and aspects of Jewish history have not been added into the entry. The paper investigates and critically assesses how the article makes conclusions regarding the relations between the Jews and majority culture. The article extensively writes about the social conditions of the Jews living in West Europe. It fails to mention the history of the Jews who lived in the Middle East and Russia1. The Islamic caliphates were at the height of their intellectual, scientific, and philosophical achievements. Unlike the Christian West, Jews were actually tolerated and protected under Arab areas. The Jews had to pay a special tax called â€Å"Jizya† which was levied on minorities. Wikipedia’s article fails to write about the social conditions of the Jews in the Islamic caliphates. Jews rose to important positions inside the Islamic Caliphates like Solomon Ibn Gabirol and Yehuda HaLevi2. These Jews made extensive contributions towards the study of Judaism by writing interpretations of the Torah, philosophical beliefs, and prayers. An investigation of the article also reveals little information regarding the position of Jews in the Slavic nations. The Khazar kingdom in the middle ages was a Je wish state in the

Project Proposal Essay Example for Free

Project Proposal Essay 1. Recommend a project portfolio management method for your selected project. Provide a rationale for your recommendation. Note: Be sure to align your project with the strategic efforst of the organization. 2. Create an outline of an executive summary that includes the type of problem, requirements, and proposed business problems solutions. 3. State the vision and the goal of the project. Note: Be sure that the goals are specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic, and Timely (SMART). 4. Determine five (5) major deliverables of the project, and explain the importance of each one. 5. Provide the timeframe for delivering the solution to the project. 6. Create a table which contains the generic resources, including people, equipment , and materials needed to undertake the project. 7. Estimate the total budget for the project based on the cost of the resources specified in the table that you have created . Next, add contingency and any other additional costs (e.g. intangible cost, the cost of a change in culture or process within the the business etc.). Support your response. 8. Determine the key success criteria for your project. Provide a rationale to support your response. 9. Assume that your project is delivered on time, within scope, and budget. Justify your stakeholders’ satisfactory level with three (3) key success criteria, against which the project will be measured. 10. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment.

Bertelsmann AG Financial Analysis Essay -- essays research papers fc

Bertelsmann AG Financial Analysis Report History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bertelsmann AG was founded in July 1835 by Carl Bertelsmann as a print shop. Initially the company concentrated on Christian books and songs. In 1849 Carl Bertelsmann’s son Heinrich took over the publishing business, which employed 14, and extended the inventory of the publishing house to novels. At the time of his death in 1887, the staff had grown to 60.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next to head the company was Johannes Mohn, son-in-law of Heinrich. The company’s growth slowed during this period and the focus was redirected to theological subjects. In 1910 he introduced paid vacation to the company. By 1921, when he turned control of the company over to his son Heinrich, the company had grown to 85 people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under the leadership of Heinrich Bertelsmann, the company experienced rapid growth and by 1939, the publishing house had grown to employ 400 people. New marketing channels were added as the readership became more mainstream in the late 1920’s. On the verge of World War II, the company moved from classical literature and fiction to include books with militaristic themes and eventually published books with nationalistic, racial and anti-Semitic content. The publisher insured its survival for most of the war by linking itself with the Nationalist Socialist ideology. Trouble started in 1944 when it was shut down by the German government as non-essential to the war effort and then crippled in March 1945 during an allied air raid on Gutersloh, in which only some of the printing machines survived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the war, the publisher was rebuilt by the fifth generation to lead Bertelsmann, Reinhart Hohn, whose influence continues to the present. He took the company from a medium-size printing company to a media conglomerate. In 1950 he established the Reader’s Circle, which bypassed the traditional marketing channels and allowed books to go directly to the reader. Within a year, it had 100,000 members and by 1954 membership had reached 1,000,000. The LP label Ariola Records was founded in 1958 which signaled the company’s entry into the music market. Bertelsmann entered the film industry with the purchase of Ufa Filmproduktionsgesellschaft in 1964. Mohn’s transition of the company culminated in 1971 with incorporation. He remain... ...tor-Presse Stutgart. The Sales to Asset Ratio of the Gruner + Jahr group is very high, at 1.90 (corporate is .81) which could indicate that demand is very strong. Sales to Asset Ratio of Random House is close to the corporate ratio at 1.02. The parent company also has a strong cash position, so operations in this division will have solid financial backing. Whether these efforts will be successful cannot be determined at this time, but Bertelsmann has a rich history and culture upon which to build. Bibliography Apuzzo, Matt. â€Å"Lawsuit: Sony BMG Blacklisted Agent†. Associated Press. 1 April 2005. 5 April 2005. . Bernstein, Leopold A. Financial Statement Analysis. Homewood, Illinois: Ricard D. Irwin Inc., 1978. Bertelsmann Media Worldwide. 4 April 2005. . Bertelsmann Media Worldwide. 2004 Annual Report. Blelefeld. 4 March 2005. Bertelsmann Media Worldwide. 2003 Annual Report. Blelefeld. 15 March 2004. Bertelsmann Media Worldwide. Press Conference, â€Å"Corporate Development and Strategy†. Berlin. 17 March 2005. Surman, Matt. â€Å"Bertelsmann Profit Rises in 2004.† Business Week Online 17 March 2005. 4 April 2005 . Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. â€Å"Bertelsmann AG.† 4 April 2005. .

Analyze The Concept Of Creativity History Essay

In malice of its current popularity, the construct of creativeness, i.e. its name, is a recent impression that, however, went through a figure of development phases and metabolisms caused by the alterations in the manner the construct of creativeness was perceived by societies at assorted phases of development. The procedure is non finished yet. Sometime in the hereafter the general construct of creativeness will hopefully be converted into a specialised construct, i. e. its regularities will be enumerated while its specialnesss associating it presently to a civilization or a subculture will be eliminated. In the undermentioned text, the development of the construct of creativeness throughout history is reviewed briefly, with the focal point on of import mileposts and personalities. The mileposts are arranged in a temporal sequence, whereas outstanding personalities are quoted where necessary, instead than presented in a rigorous temporal sequence. It is intuitively easy to accept the thesis that originative Acts of the Apostless have been around every bit long as the gay sapiens, the androids and, so, populating beings. The construct of creativeness appeared much later, and came away really gradually.A On the long manner to set uping it, many intermediate new footings were generated, some of which have been used for centuries, in exceeding instances until our time.A They help us understand more easy what creativeness is and how it interacts with other operations in the rational sphere.A Theoretical positions of creativeness follow the development of human civilization and thought.A Therefore, the construct of creativeness is a constituent of the history of the human idea to the same extent as any other rational manifestation ( Briffault, 1928 ) . Much of the historical developments as accounted for in the undermentioned reappraisal are based on Tatarkiewicz ‘s book ( 1980 ) , Dictionnaire philosophique, and the undermentioned mentions: Verma ( 1969 ) , Lindberg ( 1976 ) , Abdus Salam ( 1984 ) , Agar ( 2001 ) , Ahmad ( 2002 ) , Steffens ( 2006 ) , Covington ( 2007 ) , Roshdi ( 2007 ) , and Medieval Classic civilisation ; An Encyclopaedia. Prehistoric times Remarkable and really advanced objects attesting to human originative mastermind are known from the art history. They originate from many parts of the universe and from many different civilizations and epochs.A Possibly the first illustrations of the earliest manifestations of creativeness are assorted objects produced by the Australian Aborigines.A The Aborigines are presumed to hold moved to Australia from India some 50 000 old ages ago.A Their most enigmatic originative merchandise is the throwing stick – for them runing tool, for us an puzzling object of scientific studies.AAOther of import manifestation of human originative act and thought originates from Egypt and Mexico.A These states distinguish themselves non merely by really advanced ability to bring forth objects, but besides by the scientific ( most frequently astronomic ) cognition embedded in these products.A The pyramids of Egypt and those of Mexico, Guatemala, or Belize, the Mayan calendar, and the manner of ut ilizing mathematics in Egypt and in Mexico, are perfectly astonishing even today. The Mayan uranologists had developed a spacial geometry separating from astronomy.A The mathematics they used is still more accurate than the computational algorithms that make the flow of informations in modern information webs possible ( Ferrera-Balanquet, 2009 ) . Another cultural country of great importance extends in Asia, peculiarly in the country consisting the present twenty-four hours Iraq, Iran, India, Sri Lanka and Cambodia.A Buildings, stuffs and assorted constructs of natural philosophies embedded in the edifices testify to the high degree of cognition these peoples possessed 1000s of old ages ago.A In China and Japan, excessively, creativeness enhanced cognition in a mode that after 1000s of old ages is still admired. India stands, as usual, apart in that it knew creativeness as â€Å" penetration † since times immemorial. For case, in the nonextant Pali linguistic communication the word vipassanA? consists of the Sanskrit prefix â€Å" vi- † and the verbal root a?spaA†º . It is frequently translated as â€Å" insight † or â€Å" clear-seeing, † One should non be misled by the â€Å" in- † prefix in â€Å" insight † .. â€Å" Vi † in ancient Aryan linguistic communications is tantamount to the Latin â€Å" dis- † . It is sensible to reason that in the word vipassanA? the prefix â€Å" vi- † generates the significance â€Å" to see apart † , or discern. Alternatively, the â€Å" six † can work as an intensive. In that instance vipassanA? may intend â€Å" seeing profoundly † . A Pali equivalent word for â€Å" VipassanA? † is paccakkha, menaing â€Å" before the eyes, † which refers to direct expe riential perceptual experience. Therefore, the type of seeing denoted by â€Å" vipassanA? † is that of direct perceptual experience and experience, as opposed to knowledge derived from concluding or statement. It has besides been adopted as the name of a sort of Buddhist speculation. Ancient Greece The people of Ancient Greece had no footings matching to â€Å" creativeness † or â€Å" Godhead † . Yet, the poet was considered to be one who creates. Whatever was â€Å" originative † in the present sense of the word, was called art. The construct of art ( in Greek i?Siiiˆ?iˆÂ ° , from which technique and engineering evolved ) , implied subjugation to regulations. Poetry ( from i?‚i?ˆiˆ?i?ˆiˆ?i? §i?Siˆ? – to do ) was an exclusion, although it was limited merely to i?‚i?ˆi?SiˆÂ °i?† iˆ?i ( poesy ) and to the i?‚i?ˆiˆ?iˆÂ °i?Si?si ( poet, or shaper ) who made it, instead than to art in general. The ground was that art was considered an imitation of what already exists, â€Å" the devising of things, harmonizing to regulations † , therefore subjugation to Torahs and regulations. In picture, music, or literature, there was no freedom.A They were governed by what was known as I?I?I?I?I? ( the Torahs ) .A This conservative attitude and demand for subjugation prevailed in the plants of Plato who claimed, chiefly in Timaeus, Dialogue of Ion, and in The Republic, that a good work is contingent on detecting an ageless theoretical account as suggested by Nature, and ne'er divert from that theoretical account. The ageless theoretical accounts were within range, in the surrounding universe, of which creative persons were the imitators.A A They therefore had to stay by certain rules.A In the ocular humanistic disciplines, freedom was curtailed by the proportions that Polyclitus had established for the human frame. He called them â€Å" the canon † ( significance, step ) . Likewise, in music, no freedom was necessary because tunes for ceremonials and amusement were known. They were prescribed as nomoi. Making of things harmonizing to regulations, or I„I µI†¡I†¦I · , was non considered to incorporate any creativeness at all.A In fact, if they had contained creativeness, the province of personal businesss would be considered bad by the Grecian criterions of that clip: Something similar to the negative perceptual experience of originative accounting presents [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 244 ] . Man ought to detect the Torahs of Nature and abide by them. Seeking freedom of action unnecessarily distracts him from seeking the optimal manner. In Ancient Greece the creative person was non an discoverer, he was a inventor [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 245 ] . It means that he had to analyze the Torahs of Nature, discover and see how related entities interact, and utilize them as a theoretical account. This world-view had its ain justification.A Nature is both perfect and capable to laws.A The creative person ‘s aspiration must be to detect these Torahs and submit to them, instead than seek the distracting freedom from these Torahs, a freedom that would debar him from achieving the optimum state.A Poetry stood outside these limitations.A The poet invented a whole new universe and gave it life.A The poet differed from the creative person, the impersonator, in that Torahs did non adhere him.A In malice of the absence of the term for creativeness, creative activity, or the Godhead, the poet, and merely the poet, was understood to be a creator.A Harmonizing to the Greek position, the poet was an discoverer, i. e. he put together unrelated entities and allow them interact in an arbitrary mode. This is what made poesy the lone exclusion from the regulations using to art. In footings of truthfulness of this world-view, Aristotle, who established the term truth, was non certain whether poesy required attachment to truth, i. e. whether it imitated Nature. He thought that poesy was in the kingdom that was neither true nor false [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 245-6 ] . The constructs of imaginativeness and inspiration, excessively, were restricted to poetry merely. Poets were seen otherwise and they saw things otherwise. But non everybody was reconciled with this limitation. An illustration can be found in the Odyssey, where a inquiry is posed why the vocalist should be forbidden to entertain his hearers with vocalizing as he himself will. Yet, even in this stiff environment of tenet, some advancement took topographic point. Therefore, in the third century, Porphyry of Tyros diagrammatically visualized the construct classs of Aristotle. In the 4thcentury of the Christian epoch, Pappus of Alexandria searched for a scientific discipline of innovation. He named his techniques â€Å" heuristics † . Antique Rome The Roman civilisation developed from the Grecian civilisation. It was younger, therefore more progressive and more explorative than was the civilisation of Greece. Therefore, things were seen in a different visible radiation in Rome, and the Grecian constructs were viewed as partly outdated. To get down with, the vocabulary was enriched with new constructs, which shook up the foundations of the Greek idea. This attempt happened to follow two counter-directions.A on the one manus, Cicero wrote that art embracings those things â€Å" which are known † ( â€Å" quae sciuntur † ) [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 245 ] . Horace, on the other manus, elevated painters to the degree of poets in giving them the privilege of make bolding whatever they pleased ( â€Å" quod libet audendi † ) , alternatively of following the â€Å" ageless theoretical account † .A Furthermore, in the worsening period of antiquity, Lucius Flavius Philostratus discovered a similarity between p oesy and art, and found that art and poesy have imaginativeness in common. Callistratos expanded these thoughts by saying that every bit much as the art of the poets and authors of matter-of-fact literature is inspired, so are the custodies of sculpturers. They, excessively, are gifted with the approval of godly inspiration. The freshness of these posits follows from the fact that Greeks had applied the constructs of imaginativeness and inspiration to poetry merely, but non to the ocular arts.A The Grecian linguistic communication had no word for making, whereas Latin had.A Creare and facere were two Latin words matching to the Greek IˆI?I µI?I†¦.A Yet, ab initio the two Latin footings had about the same significance ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 246 ) , and were therefore interchangeable. Christian religion Under mediaeval Christianity, the Latin â€Å" creatio † came to denominate God ‘s act of â€Å" creatio ex nihilo † ( i.e. creative activity from nil ) . â€Å" Creatio † therefore no longer could use to human activities. Its significance differed from the significance of â€Å" facere † ( to do ) .A Applied to human activities, facere was the lone word to be used.A Cassiodorus, the of import solon and author of the sixth century, explained that things made and created differ, because we can do but can non create.A His of import plants on this subject, written after his retirement, include De anima ( published 540 ) , Institutiones Divinarum et Saecularium Litterarum ( published likely 543-555 ) , and De Artibus ac Disciplinis Liberalium Litterarum [ Tatarkiewicz 1980, p. 247 ] . This more or less â€Å" secular † reading of creativeness collided with the antediluvian positions of some Christian writers.A To get down with, they believed that art did non belong to the kingdom of creativeness. In this regard they had the same belief as the Greeks. Medieval Christian authors granted no exclusion to poetry.A They claimed that poesy had to follow its regulations. Therefore it was an art, i. e. a trade instead than a originative activity.A The dominant figure among these authors was St. Augustine, a personality whose plants are of involvement even today.A He is claimed to hold used the word imaginativeness as a precursor to creativity.A Imagination, harmonizing to St. Augustine comprised temperament, generation, decrease, extension, telling, any sort of re-composition of images, etc. ( Rodari, 1983 ) . These really same constituents of â€Å" imaginativeness † are used even today [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 247 ] .Further alterations were recorded in the Middle Ages: poesy ‘s exceeding position was bit by bit revoked, because poesy had its regulations. It was therefore regarded as an art, i. e. a trade, instead than creativeness. The new, spiritual reading of the look notwithstanding, the sentiment that art is non related to creativeness persisted. The plants of two influential early Christian authors, Pseudo-Dionysius and St. Augustine, turn out it. The same can be said the plants of Hraban the Moor and Robert Grosseteste, in the thirteenth century.Renascence There are two periods in European history, called the Renaissance.A The first 1 is the twelfth century Renaissance. It was a period of many advanced and originative cahnges during the High Middle Ages, such as societal, political and economic transmutations. Parallel developments in doctrine and scientific discipline resulted in an rational revival of Europe.A The 2nd Renaissance is the Italian Renaissance in the 15th century.A Some historiographers claim that the alterations holding taken topographic point in the Middle Ages paved the manner to the Italian Renaissance, every bit good as to the scientific developments of the seventeenth century.AThe Gallic historian Jacques lupus erythematosus Goff, an agnostic, argues that the Middle Ages formed an wholly new civilisation, distinct from both the Greco-Roman antiquity, and from the modern world.A The mediaeval accomplishments of the human head and the human custodies can merely be related briefly. The First Rrenaissance. The most originative political Acts of the Apostless of the twelfth century were the initiation of the Hansa in Northern Europe ( along the southern shore of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, with a few jaunts deeper into Central Europe ) , the Crusades, the rise of towns, and the rise of the early bureaucratic states.A In the cultural sphere the slangs began to replace Latin progressively, higher instruction became more outstanding, with universities shooting all around the European continent between the Atlantic and the Theisse river, the Romanesque art was bit by bit replaced by the Gothic art, the liturgical play, and a European system of jurisprudence was established.A These alterations are true milestones.A In the humanistic disciplines, more accent was put on architecture and sculpture, while in analogue there was a resurgence of involvement in Latin poesy and Latin classics.A An outer enlargement began in the late thirteenth century, when the Venetian adventurer Marco Polo set out to follow the Silk Road to China.A His documental Il Milone made Europeans more cognizant of the Far East, which inspired many missionaries ( Giovanni da Pian del Carpini, Giovanni de Marignolli, Giovanni di Monte Corvino, and others ) to travel east and spread Christianity.A The greatest spring of human cognition were, nevertheless, recorded in scientific discipline and technology.A Since Ibn Alhazen ( besides known as Alhazen, 965-1039 ) laid down the foundations of the scientific method, the accent was put on seeking truth.A Science therefore became a formal subject, different from philosophy.A In early Middle Ages, the Byzantine Empire, the most advanced civilization of antiquity, suffered losingss and a diminution in its scientific capacity.A Likewise, Western Europe, after the autumn of the Western Roman Empire, suffered a ruinous loss of knowledge.A This was partly offset by the attempts of Church bookmans, like Aquinas and Buridan, who preserved elements of scientific inquiry.A In that mode, by interpreting and copying the plants of Islamic bookmans Europe could get down catching up with the scientific finds of the Islamic universe, the Mediterranean basin, India, and China. The most of import stairss to Europe ‘s scientific recovery at that clip consist the undermentioned events: Development of the scientific method ( Alhazen, Biruni, Bacon, and Grosseteste ) ; Arithmetic and Algebra ( Al-Khwarizmi ) ; Differential concretion ( Bhaskara ) ; Mechanics ( Avicenna, with a ulterior part by Ibn Bajjah, besides known as Avempace, Buridan, Galileo, Descartes and Newton ) ; OpticsA ( Aristotle, Plato, Galen, Euclid, Hero of Alexandria, Ptolemaeus. In the tenth century, Alhazen proved through empirical observation that light propagates linearly ; A Robert Grosseteste developed a theory of optics based on the plants of al-Kindi and Ptolemaeus.A Roger Bacon expanded on Grossetestes ‘s theory and integrated Alhazen ‘s optics into it.A Finally, Kepler was able to utilize the foregoing findings to develop the modern theory of optics ) ; SurgeryA ( Abulcasis or Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi developed processs and instruments of modern s urgery, such as the scalpel, syringe, vaginal speculum, etc. ) .A In 1266, Theodoric Borgogni published his Chirurgia, in which he advocates antiseptic surgery ) ; Alchemy and Chemistry ( The Jaberian Corpus, written in the tenth century by the Brotherhood of Purity ( Ismaylia ) , the Summa Perfectionis, by Paulus de Tarento, the Secret of Secrets by al-Razi ( Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya Razi ) ; A Trigonometry ( al-Tusi, Regiomontanus and Puerbach made these methods wider known in the fifteenth century ) ; Navigation ( the astrolabe and the portable compass, Peter de Maricourt ) ; Accurate lunar modelsA ( Ibn al-Shatir ; Copernicus is believed to hold relied on al-Shatir ‘s theoretical account ) ; Incendiary arms and bombs ( flame-throwers, land- and sea-mines, and projectiles ) . Among of import technological achievements and developments, the followers can be listed: The windmill, foremost mentioned in 1185 ( England ) ; Paper industry began around 1270 ( Italy ) ; The spinning wheel ( thirteenth century ) ; The magnetic compass for pilotage, and the astrolabe ( toward the terminal of the thirteenth century ) ; Spectacless, in the late thirteenth century ( Italy ) ; The Hindu-Arabic numbers introduced to Europe in 1202 with the book Liber Abaci by Leonardo of Pisa ; The stern-mounted rudder, which can be found on church carvings.AThe doctrine developed in the Middle Ages was the Scholasticism.A It is founded on a reinterpretation of the plants of Aristotle, with farther polishs by bookmans like Avicenna, Averroes, Albertus Magnus, Bonaventure, and Abelard.A Scholasticism believes in empirical surveies, and its practicians supported the Catholic Church.A Possibly the most celebrated practician of Scholasticism was Thomas of Aquinas.A His Doctrine of head Teachs that the head of a newborn babe is a tabula rasa that was given the ability to believe, and to acknowledge signifiers, forms, or thoughts through a Godhead flicker. In the late Middle Ages, the rate of scientific advancement declined significantly due to the diminution of the Muslim imperiums and the Byzantine Empire.A This state of affairs lasted until after the Renaissance. The Italian Reanaissance. The Italian Reanaissance brought farther alterations into the manner of thought and life style of people.A The Renaissance doctrine is that of Humanism, which possibly is more a method of larning than a doctrine per Se. An approximative, but by and large accepted definition of Humanism is â€Å" the motion to retrieve, construe, and absorb the linguistic communication, literature, larning and values of ancient Greece and Rome † . Unlike the medieval bookmans, humanists would use a combination of concluding and empirical grounds in reading and measuring ancient texts in the original. Humanistic instruction focused on the survey of five humanistic disciplines: poesy, grammar, history, rhetoric, and moral doctrine. Above all, humanists asserted adult male ‘s mastermind and the ability of the human head, which is alone and extraordinary. Humanitarianism is more secular in some facets, but it unimpeachably developed against a Christian background, peculiarly in the Northern Renaissance.A That period gave mankind some outstanding theologists, all of them followings of the humanist method.A They include Zwingli, Calvin, Thomas More, Erasmus, and Martin Luther.A In peculiar, Dr Martin Luther must be viewed as the liberator of the human psyche, with whatever consequence it had on subsequent cataclysmal developments in society, scientific discipline, concern, and trade. Although the people of the Renaissance were good cognizant of their freedom and creativeness, the term creativeness was non established yet. It was non until the 17th-century that the word â€Å" creativeness † was applied for the first clip. The adult male behind it was Polish poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski ( 1595-1640 ) , besides known as â€Å" the last Latin poet † . Sarbiewaski applied the term merely to poetry. In his treatise, De perfecta poesi, he wrote that a poet â€Å" invents, † and creates afresh ( â€Å" de novo creat † ) in the mode of God ( â€Å" instar Dei † ) ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 248 ) . Other humanistic disciplines, in Sarbiewski ‘s sentiment, do non make. They simply imitate and copy. Why Sarbiewski regarded creativeness as something that lone poesy could be associated with, therefore excepting ocular humanistic disciplines, follows from his sentiment that humanistic disciplines ( other than poesy ) imitate and transcript, instead than make, in that they assume the stuff from which they create is already available, and so is the topic. At the terminal of the seventeenth century Andre Felibien ( 1619-75 ) called the painter â€Å" a Godhead † . Spanish Jesuit Baltasar Gracian ( 1601-58 ) saw art as the 2nd Creator that complements nature. This preparation is evocative of Sarbiewski ‘s preparations ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 248 ) . In the eighteenth century, the happening of the construct of creativeness in art theory kept increasing. It was complemented with the construct of imaginativeness. In Joseph Addison ‘s sentiment imaginativeness â€Å" has something in it like creative activity † . A similar sentiment was held by Voltaire ( 1740 ) . These writers, nevertheless, equated merely poet with Godhead ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 248-9 ) . Contrary positions proliferated, excessively, peculiarly in France. Diderot worked with imaginativeness, which he viewed simply as â€Å" the memory of signifiers and contents † , which â€Å" creates nil † . It merely combines, magnifies or diminishes. â€Å" The human head can non make † , wrote Charles Batteux. He, excessively, saw its merchandises as exposing the stigmata of the theoretical account used. Etienne Bonnot de Condillac ( 1715-80 ) and Luc de Clapiers, known as Marquis de Vauvenargues ( 1715-47 ) , proposed similar thoughts ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 249 ) . There were three grounds why they rejected the thought of human creativeness: Creation was at that clip reserved for creative activity ex nihilo. The latter was beyond adult male ‘s abilities. Creation is a cryptic act. Enlightenment psychological science, nevertheless, had no room for enigmas. Artists of that clip age observed their regulations. Creativity, nevertheless, seemed unreconcilable with regulations. The 3rd expostulation was, nevertheless, weak. Houdar de la Motte ( 1715 ) was one of the minds who suggested that regulations, excessively, â€Å" are a human innovation † ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 249 ) . The philosopher Marsilio Ficino wrote that the creative person ‘s work is the consequence of believing it up ( â€Å" excogitatio † ) . Leon Battista Alberti, the theorist of architecture and picture, claimed that he preordains ( â€Å" preordinazione † ) , and Raphael claimed that his thoughts determine his picture. Universal mastermind Leonardo district attorney Vinci claimed that it was his thought that determined how his picture was shaped, utilizing forms that do non be in nature.A Another painter, Raphael Santi, excessively, claimed that he painted harmonizing to his ideas.A Giorgio Vasari claimed that nature is conquered by art.A Paolo Pino, the art theorist from Venice claimed that picture is â€Å" contriving what is non † . Likewise, Paolo Veronese declared that painters take the same autonomies as they were poets and lunatics. â€Å" A new universe, new Edens † was what an creative person forms, maintained Federico Zuccari. Cesare Cesarian o extended this to architects whom he considered â€Å" demi-gods. † In the kingdom of music, harmonizing to the Dutch composer and musicologist Jan Tinctoris, a composer was â€Å" one who produces new vocals † . He therefore associated freshness with a composer ‘s work. Writers on poesy were even more consequent.A Capriano claimed that poetic innovations jumping â€Å" from nil † .A Francesco Patrizi held that poesy was a â€Å" fiction † , â€Å" defining † , and â€Å" transmutation † ( Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 248 ) . The developments in the Renaissance scientific discipline were every bit dynamic as in the arts.A Science and the humanistic disciplines were intermingled, which manifests best in the plants of Leonardo district attorney Vinci.A He made experimental drawings of nature and anatomy, set up and conducted controlled experiments in water-flow and aeromechanicss, systematic survey of gesture, and medical dissection.A Leonardo devised rules of scientific research method in the spirit of holistic, non-mechanistic and non-reductive attack popular today.A Leonardo deserves the name â€Å" the male parent of modern scientific discipline † .A A The focal point on the procedure for find, the scientific method, corroborated by influential advocates such as Copernicus and Galileo, is possibly the most important development of that clip. This radical manner of larning about the universe stressed the importance of empirical grounds, every bit good as the importance of mathematics, instead than foregrounding a given find. Age of Reason In the eighteenth century, the Age of Reason and Change, the construct of creativeness appeared more often in art theory.A Once once more, celebrated personalities needed an accessory construct to explicate and warrant creativity.A One such construct was that of imagination.A It was foremost used in 1712 by the English litterateur, poet and publishing house Joseph Addison.A He published 11 essays on imaginativeness in The Spectator.A In one essay he claims that merely the sense of sight supplies ideas to the imaginativeness. He speculated about a congruity between imagiantion and creativeness. By the same clip, the celebrated Gallic writer and philosopher Francois-Marie Arouet de Voltaire distinguished between inactive and active imagination.A On the latter he wrote in his Dictionnaire philosophique that â€Å" Active imaginativeness is that which joins combination and contemplation to memory. It brings near to us many objects at a distance ; it separates those assorted together, co mpounds them, and changes them ; it seems to make, while in fact it simply arranges ; for it has non been given to adult male to do ideas-he is merely able to modify them † .A Voltaire continued: â€Å" This gift of nature is an imaginativeness inventive in the humanistic disciplines – in the temperament of a image, in the construction of a verse form. â€Å" A Both writers therefore indicate that poets are originative, and they equate poet with creator.A A Modern times The opposition against acknowledging art as creativeness, seen in the preceding centuries, crumbled wholly in the 19thcentury. Now art gained acknowledgment as creativeness and, furthermore, art entirely was regarded as creativeness. At the bend of the twentieth century treatment of creativeness in the art every bit good as in the scientific disciplines, e.g. by Jan A?ukasiewicz ( Sinisi, 2004 ) , and in nature ( californium. Bergson, 1907 ) began. At this point concepts proper to art were applied to the scientific disciplines and to nature [ Tatarkiewicz, 1980, p. 249 ] . There was, nevertheless, a long waiting clip to the scientific survey of creativeness. The thought of some modern clip bookmans will be expounded in the subsequent chapter. The beginning of scientific survey of creativeness is by and large taken to be J. P. Guilford ‘s reference to the American Psychological Association in 1950. Many bookmans joined in the attempt to research creativeness in the old ages to come. They took a more matter-of-fact attack to this esoteric topic. As creativeness became established as a subject, bookmans realized that creativeness depends on being practiced. Creativity reveals itself in achievements and workss, instead than in words. While a sound theoretical attack still was of import, more and more accent was put on developing practical creativeness techniques. Important personalities exemplifying this attack include Alex Osborn, who in the 1950s invented brainstorming. In the same decennary, Genrikh Altov, subsequently naming himself Altshuller, came up with his â€Å" Theory of Inventive Problem Solving † , better known as TRIZ. In the 1960, Edward de Bono became celebrated after holding developed his influen tial theory of â€Å" Lateral thought. † These and other theories and techniques are expounded in more item in subsequent chapters.Mentions to the History of CreativityAbdus Salam ( 1984 ) , â€Å" Islam and Science † . In C. H. Lai ( 1987 ) , Ideals and Realities: Selected Essaies of Abdus Salam, 2nd ed. , World Scientific, Singapore, p. 179-213. Agar, D. ( 2001 ) . Arabic Studies in Physics and Astronomy During 800 – 1400 AD. University of Jyvaskyla Ahmad, Imad-ad-Dean ( 2002 ) . The Rise and Fall of Islamic Science: The Calendar as a Case Study. Conference on Faith and Reason, Al-Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Morocco, June 3. Bergson, H. ( 1907 ) . L'evolution creatrice. Downloaded in February 2010 from hypertext transfer protocol: //classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/bergson_henri/evolution_creatrice/evolution_creatrice.pdf Briffault, R. ( 1928 ) . The Making of Humanity, p. 202. G. Allen & A ; Unwin Ltd. Covington, R. ( 2007 ) . A Rediscovering Arabic Science. Saudi Aramco World, May-June 2007, pp. 2-16. Ferrera-Balanquet R. M. ( 2009 ) . Territorios en el Desafio: La Subjetividad Historica. Escaner Cultural. Downloaded en December 2009 from hypertext transfer protocol: //revista.escaner.cl/node/1643 Gorini, R. ( 2003 ) . â€Å" Al-Haytham the Man of Experience. First Steps in the Science of Vision † , International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy. Lindberg, D. C. ( 1976 ) . Theories of Vision from al-Kindi to Kepler, Chicago, Univ. of Chicago Press, pp. 60-7. Rodari, G. ( 1983 ) . Gramatica de la fantasia.A Introduccion Al arte de inventar historias.A Editorial Argos Vergara, Barcelona, 1983.A Translated from the Italian original Grammatica della fantasia, Giulio Einaudi, Torino 1973. Roshdi Rashed ( 2007 ) . â€Å" The Celestial Kinematics of Ibn Alhazen † , Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17, p. 7-55 [ 35-36 ] . Cambridge University Press. Sinisi, V, ( 2004 ) . A?ukasiewicz on Reasoning in the natural Sciences. Topoi, Vol. 23, No 2, pp. 229-233. ISSN 0167-7411 Steffens, B. ( 2006 ) . Ibn Alhazen: First Scientist, Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246. Tatarkiewicz, W. ( 1980 ) . A history of six thoughts: An essay in aesthetics. English interlingual rendition by Christopher Kasparek. The Hague: Martinus Nijhof. Verma, R. L. ( 1969 ) . â€Å" Al-Hazen: male parent of modern optics † , Al-Arabi, 8, pp. 12-13. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopaedia, Vol. II, p. 343-345, A Routledge, New York, London. Dictionnaire philosophique e-books @ Adelaide, Perused in 2009 ( www.lucidcafe.com/library/95nov/voltaire.html )

Dracula Transformation Essay

Shadow of the Vampire is a post-modern text which is a reconstruction of Dracula, a novel by Bram Stoker, and Nosferatu a film directed by F. W. Murnau. The use of intertexuality in Shadow of the Vampire is a key aspect which allows it to echo; themes, the gothic mode and issues that are present in the other two texts. Through a clear pastiche, Merhige produces a new text from the old. Immortality is a key theme which has been subverted from the physical sense through sucking blood, as it’s represented in Dracula, to the spiritual sense through art by producing a perfect film which will outlast and entertain many generations. Bram Stoker uses many motifs such as the; wafer, stake, crucifix and garlic flowers to demonstrate the Count’s immortality as these reoccurring symbols show the limited objects that can rid of a vampire, emphasizing his strength and power. Although these symbols are all present and continual in Shadow (‘crosses aren’t for decoration’- villager says to Murnau), they don’t portray the immortality, instead Merhige uses film techniques to replace the language techniques of Dracula. The zoom in of the camera is an example as it shows the deep expression and desperation of Murnau to achieve his perfect picture and effectively his immortality. Dialogue and particular quotes make his goal obvious; ‘our memory won’t blur or fade’ and ‘context that will last like the graves’ and also shows his obsession to earn immortality. Murnau’s obsession with his picture in Shadow causes him to turn into the mad protagonist of the film and instead all our sorrowful emotions become aimed at Count Orlock, who is a poor and weak replication of the vampiristic image set by Dracula1. In Dracula the protagonist (being the Count) also becomes obsessed with immortality and the female characters (Mina and Lucy) as he repeatedly visits them; the illicit love that Dracula has for these women adds to the terror and gothic romance of the novel. As the female characters become threatened and distressed by the Count, they add to the suspenseful and mysterious atmosphere and engage the reader as they share similar emotions; 2 the female character of Greta in Shadow is a resonance of this distress as she is unknowingly affected by the presence of Orlock which causes her to turn to drug abuse to deal with it (does too Murnau and the producer). Greta is also unknowingly being distressed by the camera itself which acts as a symbol for an oppressive male protagonist which contains characteristics of Dracula: her naive comment; ‘theatre gives me life, this thing only takes it away’, is an example of irony and also foreshadows future events and feelings; such as she subconsciously knows it (like her other comments) but instead of acting upon it she again turns to drugs to avoid the fact. Murnau’s obsession is proven by his willingness to use other people as sacrifices, most notably Greta as he makes a deal with Orlock for her life. The flashbacks of Greta (before she is fed upon) causes shock to the viewer as the quotes like; ‘consider it a sacrifice for your art’ and ‘make the ultimate sacrifice for love’ cause the emotions of: sorrow, horror and excitement to flourish as the viewer realises Murnau’s ambition from the start and its inevitability. These quotes are well-crafted examples of foreshadowing and irony. His obsession with his art is continuously shown throughout as he makes ridiculous demands and is easily aggravated, such as when the photographer was bitten by Orlock, Murnau exclaimed; ’’lack of enthusiasm, I told you to fix it’’. In Dracula sacrifice is dominantly practiced in a positive way with the heroic group making many sacrifices to finally reach their goal of destroying Dracula; (however, this heroic group is omitted in Shadow and is the primary reason for Murnau’s success). Arthur sacrifices his love for Lucy to save her soul and his own, but as a result he must kill her gruesomely; also, the men (Morris, Billington, Van Helsing and Seward) sacrifice their blood in transfusions to keep Lucy alive. This is foreshadowed by Lucy as she previously exclaimed ‘if only I could have them all’ when she was deciding her lover between these men; this gives the blood sexuality to it (sexual innuendo) and this is an example of gothic romance with the presence of rival lover and multiple suitors. This sexuality of the blood is present in quotes such as: ‘the girl went on her knees†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘away with you, he’s mine’ and these show the ruling and empowerment of the male characters in a patriarchal society. The sexuality given to blood in Dracula is again subtly echoed into Shadow of the Vampire, with Orlock’s lust and desperation for Greta being portrayed in the sexual sense as he is given blood from bats and other sources throughout the film but none satisfied him like Greta with him falling asleep soon after to lighten the mood with black humour before the action-packed ending is aroused. The mysterious atmosphere that is obvious in all three texts is similarly brought about through the usage of slightly subverted gothic elements and techniques. The empty and ruined castle setting of Dracula is important to setting the original supernatural/gothic tone that the novel continues throughout: as shown by Jonathan Harker’s diary entries; ‘the castle is a veritable prison and I am a prisoner! and ‘doors everywhere, locked and bolted’. Additionally, the position of the castle adds to the mystery; ‘just on the borders of three states†¦ portions of Europe’ as these names aren’t familiar to us. Shadow of the Vampire incorporates this setting as; small rooms, caves and an abandoned monastery are all used in the majority of the film and the transition of filming from the developed west to the unknown and strange east (Helgoland). Both texts also use the dark of night to represent the dark, supernatural tone that each are setting: Stoker uses the sun as a symbol of protection from evil (the dark) and is evident in comments of Mina; ‘I keep waiting till the sun†¦ be to me a safety’ and ‘that beautiful sun†¦ life was to me again’. Shadow of the Vampire sets most of its scenes in the dark and uses images of the silhouetted moon and shadows together with eerie background music to make the viewer feel uncomfortable and scared like the characters. Shadow uses haunting sounds like thunder and howling in night scenes to give the supernatural sense (in the same way Nosferatu does); which is an echo of the onomatopoeia used by Stoker such as; ‘muffled roar’ and ‘howling of dogs’. Both texts also make use of the gothic palette as a dominator of the colours used because they give the sense of age (grey), danger (red) or evil (black) which are essential to the quick-shifting moods as they hint to the audience what’s coming up next. Overall, the incorporation of a post-modern style and the subversion and inclusion of themes, issues and gothic elements from Nosferatu and Dracula were crucial to the success and transformation of Shadow of the Vampire. The continual success of this film is due to its excellent depiction of vampires and their nature which can be evident in modern day life and in the character of people; which has never been paralleled as it’s so ‘ferociously original’.

Insulation

Insulation Keeping things warmAim: To find out which of these four materials is a better insulator to water under the same conditions for 5mins the materials are Bubble wrap, Aluminium foil, Cotton wool and Tissue paper.Prediction: I predict that Bubble wrap or cotton wool will be the best insulators due to the fact that they are thicker materials. Bubble wrap also has thick holes, which will trap the heat, but cotton wool is the thickest material so I think that cotton wool will be the best insulator.Plan: For this experiment I will need to get all my required equipment. I will have too had the same amount of water at the same starting temperature. The same length of each material and the tin must be covered same length down with each material otherwise it wont be a fair test, the test should also go on for the same amount of time.English: Shows heat transfer, conduction, convecti...For carrying out this experiment we will also be required to consider all the safety issues such as wearing gogg les too make sure that no harmful chemicals can get into our eyes.Fair test: A fair test is when the whole test is carryed equally. In our test we had to make sure that we used the same amount of water and the same temp of water we had to also have the same length of material and it had to cover the same width of the tin.Convection:Convection is the flow of heat a hot region to a cool region, as opposed to the microscopic transfer of heat between atoms involved with conduction. Suppose we consider heating up a local region of air. As this air heats, the molecules spread out, causing this region to become less dense than the surrounding, unheated air. For...

jefferson and hamilton essays

jefferson and hamilton essays Both Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton are very popular known men today. Thomas Jefferson was born in 1743 in Virginia. Both had many different ways of looking at the world. Both were very different in many ways. Hamilton was a country person, while Jefferson likes to be a city person. At that time 95% of the people lived in the country, while only 5% of the people lived in the city. Thomas Jefferson was from the south. At that time there were two sides the North and the south. In the North the main image was that you were very religious. Though, in the south the main image was to fool around, basically to have fun. Jefferson could have been recognized as a country boy. Jeffersons idea for a government was that a farmer couldnt do what a local government could do, and a local government couldnt do what a state could have done, and a state couldnt do what a Federal Government couldnt do. Jeffersons beliefs included that aristocracy was a talent, while Hamilton thought that Hamilton thought aristocracy was a form of wealth. Jefferson could be known as a scientist, author, statesman, architect, philosopher, and a farmer. Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, and came to know what is now America. Thomas Jefferson had many ups and down of his life. He became a president and served for two terms. Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. After Jeffersons wife died in 1782 Jefferson became very lonely and sad. To overcome his loneliness Jefferson became a good friend with a married woman. They both liked the company of each other. No one knew if the friendship of the two was just more then friends. The year Jefferson was inaugurated it was 1801. Though, there was a secret relationship between Jefferson and his black housekeeper Sally Hemmings. He had several children from her as well. Jefferson never agreed too much of this but disagreed with it. Jefferson is th...

How to Write a Compelling, Informative News Lede

How to Write a Compelling, Informative News Lede The lede  is the first paragraph of any news story. It’s also the most important part. The lede must accomplish three things: Give readers the main points of the story;Get readers interested in reading the story;Accomplish both â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† in as few words as possible. Typically, editors want ledes to be no longer than 35 to 40 words. Why so short? Readers want their news delivered quickly. A short lede does just that. What Goes in the Lede? For news stories, journalists use the inverted pyramid format, which features the five â€Å"W’s and the H† – who, what, where, when, why and how. Who – who is the story about?What – what is the story about?Where – where did the event you’re writing about occur?When – when did it occur?Why – why did this happen?How – how did this happen? Example 1:  Let’s say you’re writing a story about a man who was injured when he fell off a ladder. Here are your five W’s and H: Who – the manWhat – he fell off a ladder while paintingWhere – at his houseWhen – yesterdayWhy – the ladder was ricketyHow – the rickety ladder broke So your lede might go something like this: A man was injured yesterday after falling from a rickety ladder which collapsed as he was painting his home. This sums up the main points of the story in just 19 words, which is all you need for the lede. Example 2:  Let’s say you’re writing a story about a house fire in which three people suffer smoke inhalation. Here are your five W’s and H: Who – three peopleWhat – they suffered smoke inhalation and were hospitalized after a house fireWhere – at the houseWhen – yesterdayWhy – a man fell asleep smoking in bedHow – the cigarette ignited the mans mattress Heres how this lede might go: Three people were hospitalized for smoke inhalation yesterday from a house fire officials say was ignited when a man in the home fell asleep while smoking in bed. This lede clocks in at 28 words a little longer than the last one, but still short and to the point. Example 3: Heres something a bit more complicated. This is a story about a hostage situation. Here are your five W’s and H: Who – six people, one gunmanWhat – the gunman held six people hostage in a restaurant for two hours before surrendering to policeWhere – at Billy Bobs Barbecue JointWhen – last nightWhy – the gunman tried robbing the restaurant but police arrived before he could escapeHow – he ordered the six people into the kitchen Heres how this lede might go: A failed robbery of Billy Bob’s Barbeque last evening resulted in six being held hostage as police surrounded the building. The suspect surrendered without incident following a two-hour standoff. This lede is 29 words, which isnt bad for a story that has a bit more complexity to it. Write Ledes on Your Own Here are some examples to try on your own. Who – Barrett Bradley, the president of Centerville CollegeWhat – he announced tuition will be raised 5 percentWhere – at a gathering in the colleges amphitheaterWhen – yesterdayWhy – enrollment is dropping and the college is facing a $3 million deficitHow – he will ask the colleges board of trustees to approve the tuition hikeWho – Melvin Washington, point guard for the Centerville High School basketball teamWhat – he scores a record 48 points to lead the team to the state championship over the rival team at Roosevelt High SchoolWhere – in the schools gymnasiumWhen – last nightWhy – Washington is a gifted athlete who observers say has an NBA career ahead of himHow – he is a remarkably precise shooter who excels at making 3-pointersWho – Centerville Mayor Ed JohnsonWhat – he holds a press conference announcing he has a drinking problem and is stepping down from his postWhere – in his office at City HallWhen – todayWhy – Johnson says he is entering rehab to deal with his alcoholismHow – he will step down and deputy mayor Helen Peterson will take over

Bilingual Education in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Bilingual Education in America - Essay Example For the students who speak only a minority language, or are limited-English-proficient (LEP), bilingual education is not an optional luxury. It is a necessity required to access an acceptable education. Bilingual education is not a recent development in America. As early as 1839 Ohio enacted a German-English program to teach immigrant students (History of Bilingual Education). The political shifts of the 20th century greatly curtailed bilingual efforts and recent political views against it have cast the issue back into the spotlight. Proponents of an English only system have pointed to the fears of losing our national identity and that speaking English makes you American. This approach has led to the sink or swim approach to educating our youngest students. Though these objections may be raised with good intentions, the long-term effect for the student and society is harmful and the cost is high. Students need to be assimilated into our language as well as our society. With a bilingual program, students are taught the desired English, yet have the chance to also explore other subjects in their native tongue. This keeps the student on pace and the additional knowledge also aids in the learning of English (Crawford, 1998).

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Reflection paper - Essay Example They have also dug tunnels beneath the private property of individuals. This is with an aim of preventing Israel from attacking them, or destroying their weapons. This is because by using settlements where people live, Hamas is able to use them as human shields. Under International Law, it is a crime and illegal for soldiers to attack and kill unarmed civilians. Due to this tactic initiated by Hamas, the death toll of civilians in Gaza was so high, that Barnard and Rudoren identify as 650 people. This is by the time that this article was written. Barnard and Rudoren (2014) explain that under international law, Hamas has a legal obligation of minimizing its military operations near areas where civilians are living. Furthermore, they believe that Hamas is committing a war crime, through their action of firing rockets indiscriminately. Barnard and Rudoren (2014) also maintain that Israel has an obligation of identifying specific military targets in Gaza, and ensuring that civilians are not threatened by their military actions. The tactics of using civilians as human shield by Hamas, and storing weapons in civilian neighborhoods, is an example of urban warfare. Under international law, urban warfare is not illegal, but the law requires that the parties to the conflict must ensure that civilians are protected from harm. Barnard and Rudoren recognize that Israel is a more powerful army, as compared to Hamas, and hence to level the field, Hamas had to protect its weapons by hiding them in civilian areas, and engaging Israel in thos e areas (Barnard and Rudoren, 2014). However, after Barnard and Rudoren (2014) quoting thee extensive use of human shields by Hamas, they point out that there is no evidence that Hamas forced civilians to stay in such areas. Through this assertion, Barnard and Rudoren (2014) were trying to denote that Hamas was not committing an international war crime. To judge on whether this

Finite Element Analysis of Structures MSc in CIVIL ENGINEERING Essay

Finite Element Analysis of Structures MSc in CIVIL ENGINEERING - Essay Example Upon assessment of the bracelet, the assessment requires a report on the design as well as making recommendations and preferences to the design. The project requires skills of structural mechanics and dynamics to assess the functional capacity of the bracket. Through real life analysis, the viability of the design shall be developed by incorporating the availability of material as well as the safety of the design. The problem that is presented in this report is a suspicion that a given design of a ceiling bracket fails to meet the user requirements and may be unfit. There is also suspicion that the production of the bracket may not be a viable idea, economically. Although the functional requirements of the bracket may have been included in the design of the bracket, its usability, flaws in the design as well as the structural elements of the production process may hinder applicability and reliability. The problem that the proposed bracket is solving is supporting a maximum vertical load of six Kilo Newton and a side load of two Kilo Newton. The investigation of the viability of the bracket can be derived from the definition of an engineer. An engineer is a professional who has acquired the academic qualifications in the engineering field and is capable of practicing the concept. This involves, identification of a problem that faces a community or individuals, assessment of the problem, proposing of possible solutions to the problem and production of the best-suited solution while ensuring that the functional requirements, which define the problem, are met. The economic and aesthetic functions of the developed solution have to be also integrated in the solution. The investigation thus is done to establish the viability of the bracelet design, in ensuring that it meets the functional requirement of supporting the weight of various elements from the ceiling. Under the investigation, it is also worth noting

Shakespeare, Richard II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare, Richard II - Essay Example He also was able to take over his troops and part of his staff. Richard II said that if Bolingbrook served God that Richard II would serve Bolingbrook but if Bolingbrook did anything wrong to the people that Richard II couldnt make peace with the taking of the crown. "Cry woe, destruction, ruin, and decay: The worst is death, and death will have his day" (Richard, III, ii)Â  Loosing his subjects was doing wrong by them. Richard II was giving an ultimatum to Bolingbrook that he could never take over. In the following soliloquy, he speaks of all his had lost. He used the metaphor of what he had lost is as though he and the few people who with him were in their grave. "Lets talk of graves, of worms, and epitaphs" (Richard, III, ii)Â  All they have left which belongs to them is death. This is an oxymoron. We all face death whether we are rich or poor. Shakespeare is showing the stupidity of the rich and of royalty. As with other kings, each has his own personal story of death. Each king is human. "For Gods sake let us sit upon the ground / And tell sad stories of the death of kings!" (Richard, III, ii)Â  He shows that he is discouraged and intimidated by the events that have happened. He is also showing another side where he is comparing the godlike quality of kings. He is saying that even though they are kings they still have a specific story related to death thus making them human. Thus, it can be assumed that they are human as all classes of society. Shakespeare is making another comment about the different social classes "My father hath a power; inquire of him and learn to make a body of limb" (Duke of Aumerle, III,ii) This is a metaphor used to indicated family lineage and then that the body can be bent. His fathers power can form him into anything. "To insinuate, flatter, bow, and bend my limbs."(Richard,IV,i) The tree has limbs which are bent. A body has limbs which can be bent.

Listening Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Listening Log - Essay Example Furthermore, it is beautiful to hear a single unaccompanied instrument, which really brings the focus down to the skill of the individual musician and the abilities of the instrument. The second piece is a piano piece entitled Adagio Sostenuto performed by Daniel Barenboim It is by enlarge soft and delicate. The perpetual melody of only three notes bring all of the other elements of the composition into incredibly sharp focus. This piece is also almost entirely in a minor key, underscoring a sad or somewhat mournful attitude. This is an amazing piece that I like quite a lot. One of the things I like about it is its huge amount and variety of textures, and rolling mini climaxes without that show that you can create a peak in music without going overly-loud or increasing tempo overly much. I also like that it is soft and delicate without being in any way tentative, every stroke is done with precision and determination, and even after a moment of hesitancy the stroke comes down in a pow erful way. The next song is the classic â€Å"Smooth Criminal† by the ever-famous (even posthumously) Michael Jackson. Its genre is, strictly speaking, pop. It is incredibly danceable, in a strict and somewhat predictable four-four time. It also has an incredibly catchy and single-able chorus. It incorporates a wide variety of influences, however. There are touches of proto industrial music in the percussion, which sound like they may be clanging on metal pans or the sides of a building. Furthermore, rap has a significant influence on the song, with its tersely spoken-word style narrative, as does funk through a wide use of synth and base. So while this is a pop song through and through, it has a wide variety of influences. This song is a really enjoyable one to listen to for a wide variety of reasons. Firstly, Michael Jackson has an incredibly interesting voice, which he layers and uses to great effect in this song. It also is a great representative of 1980s pop, almost over using synth while somehow being able to pull it off effectively at the last minute. This is a song by Cold Play. It is definitely a pop-rock song, falling into four-four time with emphasis on the two and four, though it interestingly has a base drum on every beat. Unlike many pop-rock songs, this forgoes traditional insturemenation, choosing to augment the classical base-guitar-vocalist-drummer set-up with at least a quartet of string instruments (the cello carries the melody for much of the song, but there are places one can definitely hear a viola and or a violin as well), along with a wide range of non-traditional (for the genre). I am indifferent to this song, because it does some things well but some things poorly. I think the choice of instrumentation is very interesting to listen to, and carry the song very well. The problem, however, is that I do not feel that the lyrics are very evocative, and fail to carry the song properly. The final song is â€Å"Back to Black† b y the gone-all-to-early Amy Winehouse. This is an incredibly interesting songs. By far the most important instrument in this composition is vocals, with Amy Winehouse providing a powerhouse performance. It also has a string section, a drum kit and possibly some horns kicking in the back, which all lead to a very layered and rich sound. This song harkens back to Motown Era R&B, with a heavy influence from soul.

Nurse Practice in NYS versus Florida State Assignment

Nurse Practice in NYS versus Florida State - Assignment Example A noteworthy provision in NPAs is the creation of nursing boards that govern nursing practices in every state. NPAs were not in existence before 1903, hence, before this period, people practiced nursing in whichever manner they wanted. Before this period, quality care to patients was not taken into consideration, thus, the birth of Nurse Practice Acts was a boost towards quality patient care in the US (Fulton, 2010). NYS Nurse Practice Act Established in 1948, the NYS NPA governs nursing procedures in the state. Section 6902 of the Act defines the practice of nursing as a profession of treating and diagnosing people with actual health problems. It further stipulates that registered nurses ought to be licensed when conducting tasks pertaining to health counseling, health teaching and provision of restorative and supportive care (Fulton, 2010). a) License Requirements Anyone using the title of ‘Registered Nurse’’ is expected to get a certificate from the NYS Educati on Department, and to receive the practice certificate in the state, one must meet the education requirements as stipulated by the department. Furthermore, one must have a registered NYS license that indicates that he/she is a registered nurse. A registered nurse in NYS is expected to specialize in a particular area before a license can be offered. Currently, there are many specialty areas in nursing including Adult Health, Community Health, College Health, Gerontology, Family Health, Neonatology, Pediatrics, Holistic Care, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Palliative Care, Psychiatry and Perinatology (Fulton, 2010). However, one may be authorized to practice in more than one specialty. Before one can be authorized to practice in more than one specialty, one is required to obtain a certificate of every specialty that shows that he/ she has met the set educational requirements. Once the authorization has taken place, one is expected to maintain the professional nurse license and the RN certifi cate. Certificate fees in each RN specialty area amount to $85, $50 being the application fee and $35 being the initial registration fee. However, these fees are subject to change. Applicants are required not to send fee in the form of cash, but instead they are required to mail their fees and applications to the NYS Education Department. All practitioners who have been licensed are expected to adhere to the NYS NPA rules of conduct. These rules are well defined in the Education Law which has highlighted clearly all definitions of professional and unprofessional conduct. The laws, rules and regulations for RN in NYS are all contained in Title 8 of the NYS Education Law. Therefore, every licensee is governed by these rules and laws (Bullough, 2004). b) Education Requirements and Training Before certification as a NYS RN, one is expected to satisfy the education requirements that are stipulated in the NYS Education Law. One is expected to meet the criteria of section A or section B or section C ,and in addition to this one, must meet requirements for section D. Criteria A requires that one must complete a NP educational program as offered by the NYS Education Department. Criteria B allows one to be a practitioner if there is certification of nursing practice from any of the following; American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, American Nurses Credentialing Center,

Listening Log Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Listening Log - Essay Example Furthermore, it is beautiful to hear a single unaccompanied instrument, which really brings the focus down to the skill of the individual musician and the abilities of the instrument. The second piece is a piano piece entitled Adagio Sostenuto performed by Daniel Barenboim It is by enlarge soft and delicate. The perpetual melody of only three notes bring all of the other elements of the composition into incredibly sharp focus. This piece is also almost entirely in a minor key, underscoring a sad or somewhat mournful attitude. This is an amazing piece that I like quite a lot. One of the things I like about it is its huge amount and variety of textures, and rolling mini climaxes without that show that you can create a peak in music without going overly-loud or increasing tempo overly much. I also like that it is soft and delicate without being in any way tentative, every stroke is done with precision and determination, and even after a moment of hesitancy the stroke comes down in a pow erful way. The next song is the classic â€Å"Smooth Criminal† by the ever-famous (even posthumously) Michael Jackson. Its genre is, strictly speaking, pop. It is incredibly danceable, in a strict and somewhat predictable four-four time. It also has an incredibly catchy and single-able chorus. It incorporates a wide variety of influences, however. There are touches of proto industrial music in the percussion, which sound like they may be clanging on metal pans or the sides of a building. Furthermore, rap has a significant influence on the song, with its tersely spoken-word style narrative, as does funk through a wide use of synth and base. So while this is a pop song through and through, it has a wide variety of influences. This song is a really enjoyable one to listen to for a wide variety of reasons. Firstly, Michael Jackson has an incredibly interesting voice, which he layers and uses to great effect in this song. It also is a great representative of 1980s pop, almost over using synth while somehow being able to pull it off effectively at the last minute. This is a song by Cold Play. It is definitely a pop-rock song, falling into four-four time with emphasis on the two and four, though it interestingly has a base drum on every beat. Unlike many pop-rock songs, this forgoes traditional insturemenation, choosing to augment the classical base-guitar-vocalist-drummer set-up with at least a quartet of string instruments (the cello carries the melody for much of the song, but there are places one can definitely hear a viola and or a violin as well), along with a wide range of non-traditional (for the genre). I am indifferent to this song, because it does some things well but some things poorly. I think the choice of instrumentation is very interesting to listen to, and carry the song very well. The problem, however, is that I do not feel that the lyrics are very evocative, and fail to carry the song properly. The final song is â€Å"Back to Black† b y the gone-all-to-early Amy Winehouse. This is an incredibly interesting songs. By far the most important instrument in this composition is vocals, with Amy Winehouse providing a powerhouse performance. It also has a string section, a drum kit and possibly some horns kicking in the back, which all lead to a very layered and rich sound. This song harkens back to Motown Era R&B, with a heavy influence from soul.

Group and Team Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group and Team Behavior - Essay Example Being the largest employer of the United States with almost 1.4 million workforces together with 600,000 worldwide, Wal-Mart plays an exemplary role as a high performance organization, comprising self directed teams (Thomson, 2009). The benefits that such teams bring to the organization are manifold. Workers get themselves involved in duties like scheduling work activities, ordering materials, collaborating with cross functional teams, like IBM, to introduce product innovations and making assessments. It enables employees to feel challenged as they develop a strong sense of identity with the organization. Minimum supervision is provided, therefore members are jointly held accountable for any conflict situation (Daft, 2007, p.298). Better training of cashiers and monitoring the utilization process help to increase productivity rates up to 10-12% (Johnson & Bradford, 2002). In order to support and encourage these teams, Wal-Mart has been able to create a sound corporate culture. In its organizational strategy, employees start to receive training from the orientation day following weekly meetings. Managers’ performance in the organization is assessed on the basis of their ability to comprehend culture. Those employees who show a firm dedication to the company are rewarded (Hart, 2006, p.389-390). Wal-Mart has devised a system that deals with creating promotion opportunities. Without yielding any gender discrimination, the organization has developed a formal mentoring program that encourages minorities and women who wish to seek managerial positions (Hart, 2006, p.389). In the year 2003, an Office of Diversity was established, by Wal-Mart, to provide diversity training to all managerial levels of workforce. Company officers were held accountable to ensure individuals are meeting set goals with the penalty that the company bonuses might be

Corruption in local government Essay Example for Free

Corruption in local government Essay Corruption simply means dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those who are in power. Corruption is the evil which lead to the economic social and moral problems of a country. The man is greedy in nature so that’s why he desire more and more and for achieving his desire, sometime he chooses the path which is against his moral standards we have so many examples of corrupt people in the world. Corruption is the mother of all evils. Corruption has done a deplorable situation in the country. There are various forms of corruption such as bribery, nepotism and extortion which is deeply penetrated in our social system. There are many types of corruption like Political corruption, Systematic corruption, Organizational corruption, Judiciary corruption, Social corruption and many others. In Pakistan all these types of corruption have been done. Corruption has become very common thing in our social and political culture. All the important individuals of the society like Government and private employees are involved in corruption. The rising level of corruption has given many problems like depression ad sense of insecurity. Every department is involved in corruption. Due to corruption common people are deprived of their basic rights. Corruption can only be eradicated if there are honest people on senior government seats. These days Pakistan is in terrible situation because there is too much corruption in Pakistan. Every department is corrupt and not performing their duty with honesty. Due to this evil of corruption people cannot get their basis rights. The funds and money that should be spend to provide facilities to the people, they are gone in corruption. The development projects are incomplete due to corruption. Corruption has many bad effects in the lives of common people. There are many effects of corruption. Corruption give birth to many evils in the society and causing many problems to the country and the citizens of the county some of them are listed like It leads

Organization Development

Organization Development Executive Summary Organizational development process is considered to be an integral part of an organization, its strategic formulation and managing day-to-day activities. Considering these aspects, the purpose of this work and the attempt made inthat regard is to define the component of organizational development, its integration and tocreateand examine organizational development (OD) concepts and its application is real organization based in UAE. For that reason, a need arise to identify an organization is also a necessity. Hence, it should be clarified that the organizational selected for the purpose of this work is Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC). Thus, the overall objective of this report is to investigate and trace the many problems,dilemmas and measurement facing an organization, and how manager cope with the difficulties or organizational development processes and its undertaking. It would also help to add herein that the structure of this report is divided into three parts, namely part 1, part 2, and part 3 that cover the situation, the organizational development process and finally our analysis, the subject matter conclusion and its recommendation. Introduction Organization development is considered an integral part of the organization day to day process. OD in the backdrop of its concept is to improve organizations and its effectiveness. OD and its course for that matter is a long-term process, which when undertaken at the strategic or day to day basis helps organization to address many compiling issues. OD is both an intrinsic and extrinsic segmentation that helps organization cope with internal and external change more organically. Subject Matter Issue and its Consideration It is natural only that issue cannot be sided apart from any factor of organizational development discussion and its discourse, where question and counter question arise as follows:- How organizational development (OD) within an organization is organized? What defines Human Resource Information System (HRIS) within the concepts of OD? Does the role of organizational development consultant is a necessity? How can HRM and their role play in enhancing organizational process and it undertaking? What are OD role in the area of management practices and operations? It is clarified that the overall objective of this work is to define these components in part and full thereof, which is as follows. PART 1: ADNOC Assessment and Overview of Organization History of ADNOC ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation) is based in Abu Dhabi, UAE. It is one of the leading oil manufacturers today. The company was established in 1971. (ADNOC, About ADNOC ) ADNOC Purpose ADNOC business purpose is to explore gas and oil reserves and producing it. The purpose of the company also defines the production and exploration of oil reserves in order to meet the global demand. (ADNOC, About ADNOC ) Mission The mission of the company is to create a value chain through its products and services and also to play an integral part in the UAE economy, by contributing to the growth of the UAE economy as well as playing a centrifugal role in the social, economic and education sector and its development. (ADNOC) Key Figure in the Organization Key figure in the organization is the chairman of the supreme petroleum council (SPC). The chairmanship post is held by H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan. He is also the current president of the UAE and its Trucial states. Above all, being the ruler of Abu Dhabi, H.H. Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan also helps in the formulation of the company policy, and overseeing the operational polices of the company international operations. (ADNOC, About ADNOC ) External conditions in which ADNOC operates International business defines ADNOC. Hence, international business environment and its influence are major aspects of ADNOC. The company also uses high drilling methods and advanced machinery and technology. Above all, the company operates its international business concurrently with 15 of its affiliate companies for streamlined operational process, which add to the significance of the company in the international business environment. (ADNOC, About ADNOC ) PART 2: The Process of Organizational Development (OD) The Feature of Organization Development (OD) OD is the assessment of the major element that defines an organization, namely its people, its culture, its system, its strategic management and most importantly its management styles. Besides, the skills of individual and the role technology plays also form the object of organization development and its discussion. (McGladrey, 2006 , p. 3) Definition of Organization Development (OD) OD is understood to be both a professional field of social action and an era of scientific enquiry. It covers a broad arena of organizational processes. In real term of its meaning and definition, â€Å"OD is a planned process of change in an organization culture through the utilization of behavioral science technology, research and theory† (Thomas G. Cummings, 2008 , p. 2) assert Warner Burke. Wendell France defines â€Å"organization development as long range efforts to improve an organization problem-solving capability and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external and internal behavioral scientist consultant or agent of change as they are sometime called. (Thomas G. Cummings, 2008 , p. 2) The Functional aspect of Organization Development Organizational development as can be understood is the process that take place within an organization as a means to increase organization effectiveness and facilitating personal and organizational change through the use of intervention driven by social and behavioral science knowledge. (Anderson, 2009 , p. 3) HRIS (Human Resource Information System) in context of Organization Development Organization development and its meaning is the major element of HR strategic planning process in an organization. (McGladrey, 2006 , p. 3) For that matter, new age management practices of organization development in context of HRM also reflect the new forms of practices such as HRIS (human Resource Information System) making its way within the organization. HRIS add value to the organization development process. There is no doubt in that regard. As a matter of fact, â€Å"smooth flow and availability of authentic information related to human resource facilitates rational decisions.† (Kandula, 2006 , p. 70) This is true, considering that information are a vital part of an organization and also help in the basis of decision making, that also based on rationality of it. Hence, HRIS plays a significant part of organization development process. The Role of OD Consultant: HRM Consulting Professional role are a welcoming sight in any organization. The same case also can be looked in respect of HR professional who acts as consultant to organization. On the other hand, OD role can also apply to internal consultants and professionals, or external consultant, where their role is build on the basis of change factor that need to be implemented n a smooth and functional way. (Thomas G. Cummings, 2008 , p. 66) It is being said that if HR professional play a consultative role within an organization, chances are that the value of their professional practices would devote much time working on behalf of the organization to address the issue at hand and to uncover any likely issues. (William M. Kahnweiler, 2005 , p. 45) Hence, it is very likely that the role of HR consultant do add value to organization one or the other way and most organization also prefer it that way in adding value to organization development course. Above all, service deliveries are that core of HR professional role. The evolving nature of HR role also can be looked in respect of the technical specialist role that they play in the organizational process, either when it comes to administration or tracking and interpreting regulatory changes in ensuring that organization remain in compliance. Strategically speaking, HR also play a significant part in getting the right people and right talent so that organization dont miss on anything, when it comes to change strategy, employee retirement plans, and any other administrative functional aspects. (Marc Effron, 2003 , p. 275) OD Role and its Management Aspects Organization development role as we have maintained is critical to the growth of the organization. As a matter of fact, it is held that top management involvement is an important condition for success of OD. The need for OD in an organization also arise for many reason, namely major changes in the external environment or technologies, or factor like a merger may make an organization existing structure or management practices and culture. (Cartwright, 2005 , p. 290) Hence, a planned intervention of the change factor is a necessity at all level of OD course and its process formulation. OD and its process intervention As we have mentioned above, the intervention of OD is critical to the growth of an organization. Intervention can be in the forms of the following. Human Intervention Structural Intervention Organizational Cultural Intervention Strategic Planning Intervention Justification: ADNOC Features of Organization Development (OD) From the above theoretical assimilation, we learn that ADNOC as an organization have grown many folds from what it was during the times of its establishment. Today ADNOC claims a place in the top ten global oil manufacturers and exporter. We figure out that almost all forms of OD and its simulation as discussed above find a place of consideration and in activities practice in ADNOC. There is no denying this fact. When taking a tour of the company website there is reason to belief that what defines ADNOC in context of OD is very much in real practical term. For example, ADNOC efforts in the exploration and mining and producing oil and gas are huge and tremendous. The company produce more than 2.7 billion barrel per day, (ADNOC, About ADNOC ) this is something that defines how the object of such a production level is achieved. If the case would not have been with effective OD, such a possibility would have been a far cry. Yet the company thorough its strategic planning intervention in the OD have enabled itself and raised the bar as a competitor in the world 500 fortune company. There are many other aspects of OD and its subsystems such as HRM and its course also that shapes the foundation of the company and its growth today. For examples, it is being observed that ADNOC take a systematic approach to its HRM. The factor of it can be justified in context of ADNOC training and development course. ADNOC have maintained that fostering continuous growth and development of its employee accumulate the object of the company CSR. ADNOC in the realms of HRM have been effective to integrate changes as and when the time demands, given its active training and development course. Training and development in ADNOC is to recognize the rich talent base in the company and its HRM foundation at the core of it. As a manufacturing company, ADNOC dependant on human capital is huge. Without human intervention, the very essence of its operational objective and goals seems to be a far car. And the company understands these elements, which is why training and development course is to enhance the value of its human capital, where the flow of information and all aspects of development course related to HRM or the introduction of HRIS for streamlined HR management aspects does not miss the sight of policy maker in ADNOC. (ADNOC, Training Development ) Moreover, CSR approach in ADNOC also is very much in line of OD. Being a global oil manufacturer, ADNOC understand the value attached to the business environmental factor and its compliance. Its groups of companies or to say affiliate also follows a detailed business operation which is direct in line with the socio-political and cross-cultural business practices. Speaking of strategy, these feature also very much finds a place of consideration in ADNOC. The company as we learn is committed to its business principle, that is to say, creating value chain through the introduction of technology human knowledge as well as taking appropriate environmental policy for sustainable development of the company the strategic level. Thus, what we can reason is that OD in ADNOC defines the long range efforts to improve an organization problem-solving capability and its ability to cope with changes in its external environment with the help of external and internal agent of change in all factor of OD and its undertaking in the company. PART 3: The Outcome and its Analysis From the above discussion and its analysis, we understand that OD is very critical to the smooth functioning of an organization. There is also every reason to believe that OD and its process formulation helps organization to cope with the demand of the business environment. As a matter of fact, effective OD and its process integration is critical and a vital tool that most managers undertakes, be it policy formulation, decision making or integration technology in the realms of an organization business process. Apart from that, OD and its methodology thus should be taken with due care and attention to details. Moreover, organization also requires the best available resource apart from machinery and other technical tools. Human capital thus is a vital and centrifugal objective to be considered. After all, human capital for that matter is considered to be the backbone of the organization. In the knowledge economy their value have further evolved and enhanced. Hence, to ring in the benefits of a subsystem in HRM such as HRIS can be vital to the management aspects of human capital and also in increasing the worth of the organization in the competitive market place. OD as we can reason herein and every aspects of its conditioning define the face of an organization, within the internal and external factor and its influence. The contribution of OD considering all the vital parts and parcel for an organization is huge. The same case also can be observed in ADNOC and the OD concept at play. ADNOC for that matter have been at the forefront of ongoing change; internally and externally and coping with the challenges of the business environment with ease, which brings us to the point in speculating that ADNOC and the concept of OD at play is very much present in the organization management, strategic HRM, operational management and its course is achieved concurrently and organically. Thus, what we can add is that the contribution of OD to the overall organization and its effective shows in the way of ADNOC and how the company handles its operation and all aspects of business operation and strategy with ease and confidence. Conclusion Organizational process is complex when we viewed objectively. In the current state of affairs ADNOC faces many challenges. Change as we view in context of ADNOC has been an ongoing undertaking, both at the management level, corporate level and policy level. We feel that ADNOC current short-term and long-term problem can be speculated to be the HRM features of the organization, sustainable and environmental measures and its outlining as well as business environment and its challenges. Recommendation Following is the recommendation: It is recommended that ADNOC CSR approach should be more detailed and practical, considering the principle preached by the company and its brand image. Secondly, ADNOC intervention in context of HRIS, structural intervention, organizational cultural intervention and strategic planning intervention should be in line with the current needs and demands of the environment in which ADNOC is located. That is to say, strategically attention to OD and its intervention should be more objective to address almost all features of the OD concepts in real practical terms. Third factor is that leadership also should find a place of active intervention, so that the so called future leader can be nourished within the company. Action plan in the organization should also be more detailed, and the role of HR professional and OD consultants also should be considered on an ongoing basis and nurturing change through comparative management practices is also not a bad idea at all, since that way the international business of ADNOC can be enhanced further. It is also further commented that the role of OD in the process of the organization operation and day to day management is dynamic and complex, considering that every organization is a social system, and there is no absolute or best way to bring about a change automatically. And the methodologies that are employed will work differently at different times. What matters is the involvement of the top management in the organization to rope in change factor in the best possible way for an effective solution. Above all, strategically speaking the strategy of OD is to intervene in the ongoing activities of an organization. (Cartwright, 2005 , p. 290 ) Intervention plan in ADNOC We recommend that intervention plan or its design should form a combination of these four features mentioned below for effective and efficiency of OD and its process undertaking in ADNOC. 1. Human intervention: Organization achieves the OD goals through human resource management functions, namely recruitment, selection, compensation and performance management, integration and placement process. A combination of these human factor helps achieve the OD goals and its objective. (Durai, 2010 , p. 264) Hence the same design also can be integrated in ADNOC. 2. Structural Intervention: Structural design changes concerned the organization division of labor and its specialization. Intervention aimed at structural design include moving from traditional practices into a more integrative and flexible forms, which helps OD process to address and meet the process of the organization, be it for customer centric or network based structure. (Thomas G. Cummings, 2008 , pp. 158-59) Hence, such feature and its combination are also highly recommended for ADNOC. 3. Organizational Cultural intervention: Intervention design in any forms seeks to understand situational contingencies such as individual differences within the organization members and management of change process. Organizational cultural intervention is a necessity because an organization is made up of individual and group members. (Thomas G. Cummings, 2008 , p. 162) Hence, cultural bonding should be at the heart of any OD at ADNOC, where the cultural dimension is redefined for effective organization activities and day-to-day management. 4. Strategic planning Intervention: Strategic OD or its intervention defines the objective and scope of strategic management process. Hence, for any matter in that regard, ADNOC also can reap the benefit of it simply by upgrading the active intervention of strategic planning, be it at the policy level and its formulation, defining future goals and roadmap, identifying the operational objectives, and the orientation of a business goals and it alignment into one solid foundation. Standardization of its activities, process and overall management aspects also should find its course. Strategic planning intervention is all about long-term goals and its objective. The best way an organization rope in the strategic planning process assist organization to cope with various factor of change and to be competitive in the business environment.

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Friend of the Groom -- Wedding Toasts Roa

Humorous Wedding Speech by a Friend of the Groom Good evening, Ladies and Gentlemen. My name is Robert. As they were speaking just now, it struck me how much David and his new father-in-law now have in common. After all, it's the first time in 25 years that Arthur has been able to speak for 10 minutes without interruption from the women in his family. And it'll be the last time in 25 years that David gets to do the same. So I sincerely hope he treasures this moment. But it is great to finally see David with a ring on his finger as he learned a long time ago that you cannot make someone love you. All you can do is stalk them and hope they panic and give in. So Pamela, was it the 101 red roses he sent to your office that made you give in? However, before Pamela accepted David's proposal of marriage, she wanted to clarify a few things. In particular, she wanted to limit the amount of football he was watching on TV. Well, thank goodness they managed to sort it out. In the end, David agreed that he would stop watching any game as soon as the last goal was scored. So there can be no argument about who’ll be wearing the trousers in David and Pamela’s house. David will be wearing them - right under his apron. You see, Pamela has already started to train David well - and it may surprise some of you to hear that she didn't have to start by showing him where the kitchen was. She actually had to explain to h... ... approaches marriage with the same team spirit he’s demonstrated in all the things we’ve done together, he is sure to make a success of it. Ever since I’ve know him he’s been an unselfish team player, whether it was cub scouts, football or on adventure holidays. His commitment and determination are probably what Pamela saw first in him†¦ that and his money. Ladies and gentlemen, it's an honour to be standing here as David’s best man. I suppose I should actually say it's an honour and a pleasure, but I know the pleasure won’t kick in until this speech part is over. So let’s hurry up and toast the bride and groom. To David and Pamela - may the roof above you never fall in and may you both never fall out.